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Bevel - When the angle between
two sides is greater or less than a right angle.
Bluestone - A hard sandstone of characteristic
blue, gray and buff colors quarried in the states of New York and
Pennsylvania.
Brownstone - A sandstone of characteristic
brown or reddish-brown color that results from a high amount of
iron oxide as interstitial material.
Brushed Finish - Textured surface
obtained by brushing a stone with a coarse rotary-type wire brush.
Bull Nose - Convex rounding of a
stone member, such as a stair tread.
Calcite Limestone - A limestone containing
not more than 5 percent of magnesium carbonate.
Calcite Streaks - White or milk-like
streaks occurring in stone. The streak is a joint plane usually
wider than a glass seam; it has been re-cemented by deposition of
calcite in the crack and is structurally sound.
Chamfer - To bevel the junction of
an exterior angle.
Commercial Marble - A crystalline
rock composed predominantly of one or more of the following materials:
calcite, dolomite or serpentine, and capable of taking a polish.
Cut Stone - All stone cut or machined
to given sizes, dimension or shape, and produced in accordance with
working or shop drawings which have been developed from an architect's
structural drawings.
Dimension Stone - Stone pre-cut and
shaped to dimensions of specified sizes.
Dolomitic Limestone - A limestone
rich in magnesium carbonate, frequently somewhat crystalline in
character. It is found in ledge formations in a wide variety of
color tones and textures. Generally speaking, its crushing and tensile
strengths are greater than the oolitic limestones, and its appearance
shows greater variety in texture.
Face - The exposed portion of a stone;
also refers to the edge treatment on various cutting stock materials.
| Finishes - Surface treatments,
commonly available as: |
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Smooth - machine finished by saw, grinder or planer |
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Honed - dull sheen, without reflections |
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Polished - mirror gloss with sharp reflections |
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Machine Tooled - 4-cut, 6-cut, chiseled, axed, pointed, etc. |
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Chat Sawn - irregular and uneven markings |
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Split Face - concave-convex |
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Rock Face - convex |
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Thermal - plane surface with flame finish applied by mechanically
controlled means to create surface coarseness |
Special finishes of many kinds are available
to meet design requirements.
Gauged Or Gauging - A grinding process
that results in the uniform thickness of all pieces of material
to be used together.
Grain - The easiest cleavage direction
in a stone. "With the grain" is the same as "natural
bed." Also, the composition and texture of particles, crystals,
sand, or rock.
Granite - A fine to coarse-grained,
igneous rock formed by volcanic action and consisting of quartz,
feldspar, mica, and accessory minerals. Granite-type rocks include
those of similar texture and origin.
Hearth stone - Originally the large
single stone or stones used for the floor of a fireplace; now most
commonly used to describe the stone in front of the fire chamber
and in many cases extending on either or both sides of the front
of the fire chamber.
Honed Finish - A super fine smooth
finish.
Igneous - One of the three main classifications
of rock (igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic), solidified from
molten state, as granite or lava.
Limestone - A sedimentary rock composed
of calcium carbonate; includes many varieties. (See oolitic limestone;
dolomitic limestone; crystalline limestone).
Lippage - A condition when one edge
of a stone is higher than the adjacent edge.
Machine Finish - Standard surface
treatment produced by mechanized planers.
Marble - A metamorphic rock composed
essentially of calcite and/or dolomite, generally a recrystallization
of limestone to marble.
Metamorphism - The change or alteration
in a rock caused by exterior agencies, such as deep-seated heat
and pressure, or intrusion of rock materials.
Molding - Decorative stone used to
introduce variety in profile and contour, deviating from a plane
surface by projections, curved profiles, recesses, or any combination
thereof.
Oolitic limestone - A calcite-cemented
calcareous stone formed of shells and shell fragments, practically
non-crystalline in character. It is found in massive deposits located
almost entirely in Lawrence, Monroe and Owen Counties, Indiana and
in Alabama, Kansas and Texas. This limestone is characteristically
a freestone, without cleavage planes, possessing a remarkable uniformity
of composition, texture and structure. It possesses a high internal
elasticity, adapting itself without damage to extreme temperature
changes.
Plucked finish - Obtained by rough
planing the surface of stone, breaking or plucking out small particles
to give rough texture.
Polished - The finest and smoothest
finish available in stone characterized by a gloss or reflective
property. Generally only possible on hard, dense materials.
Quarry - The location of an operation
where a natural deposit of stone is removed from the ground.
Reveal - The depth of stone between
its outer face and a window or door set in an opening; the thickness
of a wall.
Rift - The most pronounced direction
of splitting or cleavage of a stone (see grain). Rift and grain
may be obscure, as in some granites, but are important in both quarrying
and processing stone.
Sandstone - A sedimentary rock consisting
usually of quartz cemented with silica, iron oxide or calcium carbonate.
Sandstone is durable, has a very high crushing and tensile strength,
and a wide range of colors and textures.
Semi-rubbed - A finish achieved by
rubbing (manually or by machine) the rough or high spots off a stone's
exposed surface, leaving a certain amount of the natural surface
along with the smoothed areas.
Slab - A lengthwise cut of a large
quarry block of stone approximately 5'x 8' in size.
Slate - A very fine-grained metamorphic
rock derived from sedimentary rock shale. Characterized by an excellent
parallel cleavage entirely independent of original bedding, by which
cleavage the rock may be split easily into relatively thin slabs.
Smooth Finish - The surface texture
produced by planer machines plus the removal of objectionable tool
marks; also known as smooth planar finish or smooth machine finish.
Surround - An enframement.
Travertine Marble - A variety of
limestone regarded as a product of chemical precipitation from hot
springs. Travertine is cellular with the cells usually concentrated
in thin layers that display a stalactitic structure. Some that take
a polish are sold as marble, and may be classified as travertine
marble under the class of "Commercial Marble."
Trim - Stone used as decorative items
only, such as sills, coping, enframements, etc., with the facing
of another material.
Veneer Stone - Any stone used as
a decorative facing material which is not meant to be load bearing.
Waxing - An expression used in the
marble finishing trade to indicate the filling of natural voids
with color blended material.
Contact us today to talk
with a natural stone expert about your kitchen, bathroom, fireplace
or commercial building.
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